Our Brilliant Ruin : Horror at Crane Mansion Available November 18

November 11, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #OurBrilliantRuin – #DarkHorseBooks – @DarkHorseComics – @cullenbunn – #CullenBunn – #ChristopherMitten – #PikyHamilton – #FrankCvetkovic –

Upstairs-downstairs drama meets existential horror in this Edwardian-inspired comics tale of high society and creeping dread.

In a world warped by a strange and corrosive force known as the Ruin, nothing is what it seems, and allies may become abominations in the blink of an eye.

In “Horror at Crane Mansion,” investigator for hire Elizabeth Ranseur finds herself in deep when a simple job vetting a wealthy woman’s suitors becomes a death trap. Who is a tragic victim, and who is the ruthless hunter?

Created in collaboration with Studio Hermitage and in association with the TTRPG of the same name, Our Brilliant Ruin explores a gilded Edwardian setting where intricate social ties of allegiance and conflict are threatened by the presence of the Ruin—a mysterious force that turns creatures and people into horrific monsters.

Featuring writing by Cullen Bunn, art by Christopher Mitten, colors by Piky Hamilton, letters by Frank Cvetkovic, and covers by Helen Mask.

Collects Our Brilliant Ruin: Horror at Crane Mansion #1–#3.

In Bloom Available November 18

November 11, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #InBloom – #BOOMStudios – @boomstudios – #MichaelWConrad – #JohnJPearson –

43% of the cells within a healthy human body belong to something other than the human host. Microbiomes, invasive bacteria, fungal and viral agents, and something else, something… more.

When the BLOOM happened, humanity was changed forever, transformed by symbiotic fungal megasystems that infected their bodies.

Some affected people grew new body parts, some found their personalities changed in radical new ways, while others reported contact with some… other intelligence not their own.

In this revolutionary new world, Agent Spears finds himself investigating a series of mysterious murders, a chain of violence that leads him to a terrifying question on which the fate of every living being rests.

Visionary writer Michael W. Conrad (Wonder Woman, Bizarre Adventures) and Eisner Award-winning illustrator John J. Pearson (The Infernals) present a boundary-pushing science fiction saga that will change the way you see the human body.

Collects In Bloom #1-5.

Ghostbox Available November 18

November 11, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #Ghostbox – #MadCaveStudios – @MadCaveStudios – #MikeCarey – #PabloRaimondi – #JoséVillarrubia –

Top comic book creators Mike Carey and Pablo Raimondi craft an all-original supernatural adventure tale!

Chloe and Jan come into an unexpected inheritance, and it couldn’t come at a better time for Chloe. Desperate for cash, she advertises her late uncle’s possessions online — in particular a strange little box — and gets a very motivated buyer. But when the deal goes south, Chloe’s arrested for murder and Jan disappears.

Superstars Mike Carey and Pablo Raimondi deliver a bold supernatural thriller with an all new 10 page epilogue made exclusively for this special Mad Cave edition!

Dracula Book 2: The Brides Available November 18

November 11, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #Dracula – #DarkHorseBooks – @DarkHorseComics – #MattWagner – #KelleyJones – #JoséVillarrubia – #RobLeigh –

For the wives of the infamous vampire, the horrors begins long before Dracula.

Following the massive success of Book 1: The Impaler, Matt Wagner and Kelley Jones continue their story between the lines of Dracula in this second graphic novel volume!

“One of the most eerie and memorable parts of the Dracula legend is the presence of his vamipiric Brides,” says writer Matt Wagner. “In both the novel and the litany of screen adaptations, the appearance of these beautiful and seductive sirens is always an indelible part of the narrative. And, of course, this presents us with yet another dark and beguiling story to be told. Who were these women before they became part of Dracula’s sinister harem? How and why did he come to claim them as his undead paramours? And what role do they ultimately play in his ongoing saga?”

This 120-page volume dives deeper into the story of Dracula’s brides, and the lives and horrors they faced before they married the ultimate evil.

Today’s Comic Book Releases: November 11, 2025

November 11, 2025November 11, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics –

Here are today’s comic book and graphic novel releases!

Crossbones USA Available November 15

November 10, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #CrossbonesUSA – #TKOStudios – @TKOpresents – #SalvatoreSimeone – #JustinGreenwood –

Deep in the backwoods, there is a place called CROSS BONES USA. It is a place of history. It is a place of mysticism. When VAL, a daughter of Cross Bones, returns home with her outsider boyfriend, she’ll find herself embroiled in a centuries-long war between the forces of good and evil. Guiding Val through this journey is her powerful mother FREYA, who may have ulterior motives for drawing Val to her side.

Created by Bram Stoker-nominee Salvatore Simeone (Lonesome Days, Savage Nights) with art by Justin Greenwood (Stumptown) and colors by Brad Simpson (Amazing Spider-Man), this thrilling tale delves into a young person’s journey to find their destiny.

Vampirella : Armageddon #5 Available November 12

November 9, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #Vampirella – #DynamiteEntertainment – @DynamiteComics – #TomSniegoski – #KewberBaal –

HELL IS FOR HEROES!

After enjoying a brief respite from the torments of the damned by holing up inside a giant worm (don’t ask…), Vampirella and Walker face off against the literal hordes of Hell when they’re caught between the warring factions of the Drujh and the Legions of the Shroud!

Unrepentant correspondents TOM SNIEGOSKI and KEWBER BAAL report back from the infernal front lines in Vampirella: Armageddon #5 — supported by sizzling covers from FRANCESCO MATTINA, LESLEY “LEIRIX” LI, JOSEPH MICHAEL LINSNER, and smoking-hot cosplay from LAUREN DELOREAN!

Hellboy and the B.P.R.D. : The Ghost Ships of Labrador #1 Available November 12

November 9, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #HellboyandtheBPRD – #DarkHorseComics – @DarkHorseComics – @artofmmignola – #MikeMignola – #RobWilliams – #LaurenceCampbell – #LeeLoughridge –

A town overrun by ghosts would be enough of a problem, but Hellboy has an even bigger problem on his hands when a fellow B.P.R.D. agent disappears amongst the paranormal chaos.

• Rob Williams and Laurence Campbell return to the Hellboy universe!

• First of a two-part standalone Hellboy story.

Grim #25 Available November 12

November 9, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #Grim – #BOOMStudios – @boomstudios – #StephaniePhillips – #FLAVIANO –

It’s the final chapter of the critically acclaimed, supernatural horror series!

In the stunning series finale, Jess and Marcel reunite one last time—this time on opposite sides of life and death. On the precipice of what comes next, their bittersweet encounter becomes a reflection on their past, present, and future.

Don’t miss the epic conclusion to the bestselling supernatural saga from acclaimed writer Stephanie Phillips (Harley Quinn, Wonder Woman) and renowned artist Flaviano (New Mutants)!

Event Horizon : Dark Descent #3 Available November 12

November 9, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #EventHorizon – #IDWPublishing – @IDWPublishing – #ChristianWard – #TristanJones –

“Does anybody read me? This is Captain John Kilpack of the spaceship Event Horizon. My crew and I attempted faster-than-light travel and have found ourselves stranded someplace…well, someplace that defies understanding. One of my crew is dead already—murdered by some creature claiming this space to be hell. I fear it may be correct… The dead have appeared to me, and there is something else loose upon the ship. If you can hear me, it may be too late for you… Libera te tutemet ex inferis.”

Dracula Black & White Special #1 (Universal Monsters) Available November 12

November 9, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #Dracula – #ImageComics – @ImageComics – @Skybound – #JamesTynionIV – #MartinSimmonds –

THE EISNER AWARD-NOMINATED SERIES IS RESURRECTED IN GLORIOUS BLACK & WHITE! From THE DEPARTMENT OF TRUTH creators JAMES TYNION IV (Exquisite Corpses, Something is Killing the Children) and MARTIN SIMMONDS present the first two issues of their acclaimed series in remastered stunning black & white in a tribute to the iconic film that changed the face of horror. When Dr. John Seward admits a strange new patient into his asylum, the madman tells stories of a demon who has taken residence next door. But as Dr. Seward attempts to apply logic to the impossible…his surrogate daughter Lucy begins to fall under the spell of the twisted Count Dracula!

DIEnamite : Blood Red #2 Available November 12

November 9, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #DIEnamite – #DynamiteEntertainment – @DynamiteComics – #FredVanLente – #MarcoFinnegan –

SAVIORS FROM MARS?

Welcome back to Sunset City — where the boys crave brains and the girls are pretty!

Having blown off a meeting with world-weary private investigator Vampirella, the fortified city’s iron-fisted ruler Purgatori now summons the Daughter of Drakulon to translate for a visitor who’s just crashed her saucer on the outskirts of town. Vampi doesn’t speak Martian, but the telepathic Dejah Thoris is quick to pick up the local tongue — and the news she brings is a bombshell. If Dejah’s story checks out, the cure to the all-male zombie plague is within Puragori’s grasp — she just needs to motivate Vampirella to hand it over after she finds it!

The unquiet spirits of FRED VAN LENTE and MARCO FINNEGAN haunt the living reader through the unwholesomely compelling pages of Die!namite: Blood Red #2 — featuring shamblingly chic covers from EJ SU, ROBERTO MELI, DAVID COUSENS, and WILL ROBSON!

Beneath the Trees Where Nobody Sees : Rite of Spring #4 Available November 12

November 9, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #BeneaththeTreesWhereNobodySees – #IDWDark – @IDWPublishing – #PatrickHorvath –

Monica is inching closer and closer to discovering the truth about her brother’s death…willing to do anything—cross any line—to make it happen. Samantha Strong should be worried, but instead, the thrill has never been greater. Her unwitting prey is squirming in her clutches. For Samantha, this is where the real fun begins.

Sleep #6 Available November 11

November 8, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #Sleep – #ImageComics – @ImageComics – #ZanderCannon –

When Jonathan Reason falls asleep, he becomes…something terrible. With Tabitha’s theory proving correct, she breathes a sigh of relief… until Hipp’s actions precipitate an awful decision by Jon.

Feral #17 Available November 11

November 8, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #Feral – #ImageComics – @ImageComics – #TonyFleecs – #TrishForstner – #ToneRodriguez – #BradSimpson –

THE BATTLE FOR PET CITY BEGINS!

Elsie and Lucky lead their crew against Mother Helena and her strange felines with the winner taking control of the pet superstore. The only problem is, what was once a safe haven is now filled with rabid BAD KIND!

Tuatha Available November 12

November 7, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #Tuatha – #IDWPublishing – @IDWPublishing – #GavinFullerton –

A breathtaking fantasy epic told in 40 gorgeous pages. In a forgotten and war-torn realm, a young woman travels through a dark wood bearing the severed head of her dead king on her back. Tasked with delivering the monarch’s remains to their final resting place on a fabled faraway island, the woman must navigate the many perils of her ancestors’ failed civilization in its final death throes. Along the way, she’ll discover savage beasts, monstrous creatures, slaughtered villagers, and violent raiders battling for the final scraps of the world. Join writer/artist Gavin Fullerton (Closet) in this master class of a horror fantasy one-shot.

Today’s Comic Book Releases: November 5, 2025

November 5, 2025November 3, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics –

Here are today’s comic book and graphic novel releases!

Today’s Comic Book Releases: October 21, 2025

October 21, 2025August 24, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics –

Here are today’s comic book and graphic novel releases!

Hellboy Into the Silent Sea : The Making of the Comic Revealed Available November 11

October 20, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #HellboyIntotheSilentSea – #FleskPublications – @FleskArt – @artofmmignola – #MikeMignola – #GaryGianni –

Mike Mignola’s Hellboy Into the Silent Sea is a glorious treatment showcasing Gary Gianni’s original artwork in an exquisite book. This collection includes revealing commentary regarding how two legendary comic-book creators seamlessly developed this Hellboy sea saga from the core of an idea into a finished work of art. The combined talents of Mignola and Gianni are on display as the reader follows along the path of the creative process: The script, preliminary roughs, reference photos, completed pencil drawings and finished inks are all shared and discussed. The pencil drawings provide insight not only for the student but also for any fan who enjoys lavishly reproduced comic art. Gianni’s commentary and preliminary pages are intertwined to provide an light-hearted look into the creation of a comic story.

The Mummy (Universal Monsters) Available November 11

October 19, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #TheMummy – #ImageComics – @ImageComics – #FaithErinHicks – #LeeLoughridge –

New York Times bestselling and Eisner Award-winning comics creator Faith Erin Hicks resurrects one of the most iconic monsters in her bold new take on THE MUMMY!

Forever haunted by a cursed encounter as a child, Helen Grosvenor is a woman born to two worlds and belonging in neither. When unknown voices bring her to an Egyptian dig site, Helen will play an unexpected role in the rise of a monster known only as…THE MUMMY.

Superstar creator Faith Erin Hicks (Ride On, Pumpkinheads, The Nameless City Trilogy) teams up with colorist Lee Loughridge (I Hate This Place) to present a bold new vision of the seminal horror classic, bringing The Mummy to life like never before.

Collects UNIVERSAL MONSTERS: THE MUMMY #1-4.

The Goon : Them That Don’t Stay Dead Available November 11

October 19, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #TheGoon – #AlbatrossFunnybooks – #EricPowell –

To mark the 25th anniversary of The Goon, Eisner Award-winner Eric Powell returns with an all-new tale!

A brand new black and white horror graphic novel filled with Powell’s brand of humor.

The return to Lonely Street hasn’t been easy for the Goon and Franky. And just as they’ve finally got the various gangs of blood suckers and night stalkers back in line, a new threat appears. Or is it an old one? Mysteries (and backstabbing) abound on the deadly streets of Nameless Town.

Bonus content includes a sketchbook and cover gallery!

Collects The Goon: Them That Don’t Stay Dead! #1-#4.

The Department of Truth Vol. 6: Twilight’s Last Gleaming Available November 11

October 19, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #TheDepartmentofTruth – #ImageComics – @ImageComics – #JamesTynionIV – #MartinSimmonds – #LetiziaCadonici – #JordieBellaire –

For the first time since the Department of Truth was founded, its highest official just revealed the whole, sordid history to a journalist—a journalist who happens to be agent Cole Turner’s husband.

Can their relationship survive the cold, hard facts? And will it all be for nothing once Black Hat mounts their counter-offensive to the DoT’s riskiest gamble yet?

ALSO IN THIS VOLUME: High school outcast Frank is addicted to finding the darkest corners of the internet. But now those dark corners are reaching through the screen with very long fingers and very sharp teeth… BEWARE THE HAT MAN.

Multiple Eisner Award-winning writer JAMES TYNION IV (W0RLDTR33, The Nice House on the Lake) and Eisner Award-nominated artist MARTIN SIMMONDS (UNIVERSAL MONSTERS: DRACULA) test the limit of the written word, while fan-favorite artist LETIZIA CADONICI (House of Slaughter) joins for DoT’s pitch-black spin on CreepyPasta.

Collects issues #28-33

Shadow of the Golden Crane Available November 11

October 19, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #ShadowoftheGoldenCrane – #DarkHorseBooks – @DarkHorseComics – @artofmmignola – #MikeMignola – #ChrisRoberson – #MichaelAvonOeming – #ClemRobins –

Agent Susan Xiang can solve a dangerous, monster-fueled mystery, but only if she can confront her own family’s secrets from the past.

A mysterious B.P.R.D. case in the 1960s forces Agent Sue Xiang to dive into the history of the secretive Golden Crane Society, and into the questions in her own family past as well.

Hellboy creator Mike Mignola is joined by writer Chris Roberson (Hellboy and the B.P.R.D., Panya: The Mummy’s Curse) and artist Michael Avon Oeming (Abe Sapien, Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1956) in this paranormal puzzle that unfolds across time.

Collects Shadow of the Golden Crane #1–#4 and a sketchbook section.

Lenore Slipcase Set (Noogies, Wedgies, Cooties) Available November 11

October 19, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #Lenore – #TitanComics – @ComicsTitan – #RomanDirge –

The one, the only, LENORE: THE CUTE LITTLE DEAD GIRL is back from the grave with this a hardback slipcase collection of her first three books.

In 1992, Roman Dirge, the Michealangelo of the Macabre unleashed his most famous creation upon the world and now, Titan Comics are proud to repackage those original impossible-to-find early comics into three fabulous hardback books featuring all those early outrageously funny Lenore comics, short stories and flights of deranged comedy genius that Roman could muster.

Genius is a word bandied about a lot, but Roman Dirge stands alone as one of the funniest and most unique talents in the comic book firmament, producing a truly one-of-a-kind brand of comic book character and spawning a genre all its own, Cute dead girls.

Welcome to the world of Lenore, The Cute Little Dead Girl. Featuring such classic stories as: Hairball, Georgie Porgie and Kitty #46, and introduces us to Ragamuffin, the vampire possed rag doll, and Lenore’s bestest friend, Pooty – the bucket-headed demon from Heck, and Mr. Gosh, Lenore’s love-obsessed button-eyed paramour.

Get ready for a triple dose of maniacal fiendish fun, gruesome games, and gloriously macabre and horrible hi-jinx as Lenore battles diabolical armies of Nazi zombies, hungry earthworms, gnomes, Tooth Haires and the thing from the poopy chair.

Featuring short stories and bizarre back-up strips, like The Crooked Man, The Possum King, The Boy with his Heart in a Box.

Hello Darkness Vol. 3 Available November 11

October 19, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #HelloDarkness – #BOOMStudios – @boomstudios – #JamesTynionIV – #ChuckTingle – #WertherDellEdera –

Turn out the lights…if you dare!

The darkness grows in more of the most frightening tales by today’s top horror storytellers.

Gangsters, grannies, and ghouls, oh my! Master of horror R.L. Stine and beloved artist Francesco Francavilla spin a yarn of the gripping Life and Death of Lucas Dreamwalker! The Boulet Brothers’ Dragula’s titular brothers and artist Max Fuchs bring their unique sense of humor to horror with Granny Hags from Hell! No matter the fear: isolation, invisible monsters, soul-sucking demons, dating apps, teachers, tech, and more, you’ll find something that sends shivers up your spine!

Featuring stories by R.L. Stine & Francesco Francavilla, Sarah Andersen, The Boulet Brothers & Max Fuchs, Chuck Tingle & Chris Shehan, Genevieve Valentine & Ming Doyle, Cullen Bunn & Daniel Bayliss, Jordan Thomas & Shaky Kane, David Hazan & Stefano Nesi, Sarah Andersen, Robert Hack, and more.

Collects Hello Darkness #9-12.

Dopeman Vol. 3 Available November 11

October 18, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #Dopeman – #TitanManga – @ComicsTitan – #RyoYoshigami – #YuheyOgino –

Experience the thrilling finale of this dystopian seinen manga, where intense action collides with dark powers as the D-Unit faces off against super-powered villains in an epic showdown.

Dopeman Volume 3 delivers an explosive finale to the gritty, action-packed trilogy. In a dystopian Japan where the legalization of all drugs has unleashed a wave of chaos, the D-Unit—our team of battle-hardened heroes—prepares for their ultimate showdown against the Dopemen, super-powered villains whose abilities are fueled by drug abuse.

As the stakes reach their peak, the D-Unit arms themselves to the teeth, ready to face off against an array of monstrous foes. Among them are a machine-gun-wielding duo, a colossal four-armed brute, and a terrifying masked figure wielding a deadly sword. The tension escalates as these villains wreak havoc across the city, leading to intense battles in dark car parks, high-speed car chases, and even dramatic takedowns of aircraft.

This volume is a must-read for fans of Ryo Yoshigami’s dark dystopias, such as Psycho-Pass, and those who crave intense, no-holds-barred action. Yuhei Ogino’s stunning artwork brings these epic confrontations to life, capturing the raw energy and devastation of each fight.

Dopeman Volume 3 is not just the end of a series; it’s a culmination of dark powers, ultimate weapons, and thrilling confrontations that will leave readers breathless. As the D-Unit battles to reclaim their city, Yoshigami and Ogino deliver a heart-pounding conclusion that fans of seinen manga won’t want to miss.

Creepy Archives Volume 11 (Double-Sized Volume) Available November 11

October 18, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #Creepy – #DarkHorseBooks – @DarkHorseComics – #GardnerFox – #SteveSkeates – #RichardCorben – #EstebanMaroto – #ReedCrandall –

A DOUBLE SHOT OF TERROR—TWO HORRIFYING VOLUMES IN ONE!

LEGENDARY CREATORS OF LEGENDARY TERROR!

Now in a packed-full double volume with twice as many ghoulish stories, previously collected in Dark Horse’s hardcover volumes 11 and 12.

Collecting eight full issues of the legendary series, this double volume paperback edition features some of Warren Publishing’s first full-color story offerings from the early ’70s and features more of the unique talents that made Creepy so tantalizing and timeless. With a gorgeous cover by Frank Frazetta and stories by comic-book talents Richard Corben, Doug Moench, Tom Sutton, and Reed Crandall, topped off with The Creepy Crawley Castle and Werewolf! games, color Sanjulian covers, creator biographies, and Dear Uncle Creepy letters columns!

Collects Creepy magazine #51–#59.

Little Nightmares : Descent to Nowhere #2 Available November 5

October 15, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #LittleNightmares – #TitanComics – @ComicsTitan – #LonnieNadler – #JoshHixson – #DennisMenheere – #DearbhlaKelly –

Against her better judgement, former detective Myra Wan begins to poke at the shadows which linger in every corner of the Counties, searching for the mysterious Hush. In the Counties Psychiatric Institute – the last place the little girl was ever seen – there are more questions than answers.

In the Nowhere, Hush falls deeper into the dungeon without Mono to guide her. But she must survive more than just the Jailer, as something itches just beneath her skin, pulling Hush into more and more danger…

Of Swamp & Sea Vol. 1 Available November 4

October 15, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #OfSwampSea – #23rdSt. – #MiaJayBoulton – #LaurelBoulton –

Lore Olympus meets The Witcher in this thrilling supernatural series! Finally available in graphic novel format, Mia Jay and Laurel Boulton’s wildly popular Webtoon series delivers a stirring tale of monsters, magic, and romance.

Mercy Gray Harding’s troubles all started in the swampland on the outskirts of town, where a mist wolf murdered her father. She enlists a monster hunter named Jonah to put the creature down, but the plan quickly falls apart. When the incorporeal beast tries to attack Mercy, it instead possesses her, and is bound to her body and mind. Now Mercy’s human and wolfish sides grapple for control, and she is haunted by the memories of both.

Jonah promises to free her from the monster, and the two set off for a cure. But the open road is full of untold danger, and her new powers come in handy. And is it Mercy or the wolf who is flirting with the handsome Jonah?

Fishflies Available November 4

October 15, 2025 4 Evil Eyes

#horror – #horrorcomics – #Fishflies – #ImageComics – @ImageComics – #JeffLemire –

A strange and surreal new tale of friendship and small town life from the creator of SWEET TOOTH and DESCENDER.

A small town crime sets off a chain of events that will permanently alter the lives of several residents of bucolic Belle River, Ontario. As the manhunt heats up, a lonely girl named Franny Fox forms an unlikely friendship with a fugitive that leads them both on an odyssey of discovery and redemption… a journey that also uncovers dark secrets from the town’s eery past.

Collects all issues #1-7.